DAVOS
Stupid
August 23, 2022
UK Children in poverty
September 1, 2022DAVOS OUR FUTURE DEPENT OF THOSE RICH ELITES
After more than 10,000 years of relative stability—the full span of human civilization—the Earth’s climate is changing. As average temperatures rise, climate science finds that acute hazards such as heat waves and floods grow in frequency and severity, and chronic hazards, such as drought and rising sea levels, intensify
In this report, we focus on understanding the nature and extent of physical risk from a changing climate over the next one to three decades, exploring physical risk as it is the basis of both transition and liability risks.
We estimate inherent physical risk, absent adaptation and mitigation, to assess the magnitude of the challenge and highlight the case for action.
Climate science makes extensive use of scenarios ranging from lower (Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6) to higher (RCP 8.5) CO2 concentrations.
We have chosen to focus on RCP 8.5, because the higher-emission scenario it portrays enables us to assess physical risk in the absence of further decarbonization. (For more details click on “Our research methodology”).
In this report, we link climate models with economic projections to examine nine cases that illustrate exposure to climate change extremes and proximity to physical thresholds.
A separate geospatial assessment examines six indicators to assess potential socioeconomic impact in 105 countries.
We also provide decision makers with a new framework and methodology to estimate risks in their own specific context.
The United Nations’ 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report stated—with higher confidence than ever before—that, without meaningful decarbonization, global temperatures will rise to at least 1.5°C above preindustrial levels within the next two decades. This could have potentially dangerous and irreversible effects.
A better understanding of how a changing climate could affect people around the world is a necessary first step toward defining solutions for protecting communities and building resilience.
As part of our knowledge partnership with Race to Resilience at the UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow,
We have built a detailed, global assessment of the number of people exposed to four key physical climate hazards, primarily under two different warming scenarios.
This paper lays out our methodology and our conclusions from this independent assessment.
Our findings suggest the following conclusions:
Under a scenario with 1.5°C of warming above preindustrial levels by 2030, almost half of the world’s population could be exposed to a climate hazard related to heat stress, drought, flood, or water stress in the next decade, up from 43 percent today
And almost a quarter of the world’s population would be exposed to severe hazards. (For detailed explanations of these hazards and how we define “severe,” see sideba
“A climate risk analysis focused on people: Our methodology in brief.”)
Indeed, as severe climate events become more common, even in a scenario where the world reaches 1.5°C of warming above preindustrial levels by 2050 rather than 2030, nearly one in four people could be exposed to a severe climate hazard that could affect their lives or livelihoods.
Nature-based climate solutions in the world’s oceans can play an important role in conservation and carbon abatement efforts worldwide.
The oceans and coasts are the Earth’s climate regulators. Covering 72 percent of the planet’s surface, they have absorbed around 40 percent of carbon emitted by human activities since 1850.
Coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, tidal marshes, and seagrass meadows act as deep carbon reservoirs, while marine ecosystems absorb and sequester greenhouse gases (GHG) through the carbon cycle.
The bad news for humankind is that both oceans and coasts are under pressure, amid atmospheric and marine warming, habitat destruction, pollution,
And the impacts of overfishing and industrial activity. These destructive factors are undermining the role of oceanic systems in slowing climate change.
Humankind’s impact on coastal and offshore ecosystems is a double-edged sword. While we are responsible for significant destruction, we also have agency over potential outcomes.
Through our efforts, we can avert damage to or restore the oceans. This would increase carbon absorption from the atmosphere and move the world toward the net-zero emissions envisaged by the Paris Agreement on climate change.
Companies that are seeking to offset their carbon emissions through voluntary and compliance carbon markets, and in particular those whose activities are connected to the oceans, such as the fishing industry, would have a key role to play in facilitating this process.
As the world looks beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, a consensus is emerging: certain measures to curb the growth of greenhouse-gas emissions will be central to global economic recovery
. Awareness is also growing around the urgent need to slow the destruction of the natural world, and it is becoming clear that the two environmental crises—a changing climate and nature loss—are inextricably linked and compounding.
Natural climate solutions (NCS)—conservation, restoration, and land-management actions that increase carbon storage and avoid greenhouse-gas emissions—offer a way to address both crises and to increase resilience as the climate changes.
In fact, as argued in a new paper produced by McKinsey in partnership with the World Economic Forum, there is no clear path to deliver climate mitigation without investing in nature.
Climate action requires both the reduction of emissions and the removal of carbon dioxide already in the atmosphere. NCS can help with both, starting today
The World Economic Forum is an international non-governmental and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, canton of Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on 24 January 1971 by German engineer and economist Klaus Schwab.
Here all the rich scums of the earth gather pretent they are the good ones and they want the best for the human society however trhey do ot pay taxes they are hypocrites they are the worse of the human chain that why they are rich
They are talk about climate change and the future of our planet while drinking the most expensive champange thay are talking about climate change and if you ask them how did they travel there?
They dint walk to get there hypocricy at the highest level while drain countries by not paying taxes while experement on the poor society for the new drugs they are the most pathetic animals ever walk on this planet
But as they say they care about the society they contribute to the society they are the ones who you love to hate but they are the future unfortunately unless we wake up and take them down because we can
How the Mediterranean climate may become harsher
The Mediterranean climate could change in multiple ways as temperatures rise, water stress increases, and precipitation becomes more volatile, in turn creating multiple knock-on effects from wildfires to the spread of disease
Heat: Climate projections indicate that the number of days with a maximum temperature above 37 degrees will increase everywhere in the Mediterranean region, with a doubling in northern Africa, southern Spain, and Turkey from 30 to 60 by 2050.
Drought: In Italy, Portugal, Spain, and parts of Greece and Turkey, rainfall during the warm, dry season of April through September is projected to decrease by as much as 10 percent by 2030 and as much as 20 percent by 2050.
By 2050, drought conditions could prevail for at least six months out of every year in these areas.
Water stress: Many basins could see a decline of approximately 10 percent in water supplies by 2030 and of up to 25 percent by 2050.
Water stress is already high in most countries in the Mediterranean and extremely high in Morocco and Libya.
The decline in supply is projected to heighten water stress in all Mediterranean countries between now and 2050, with the greatest increases in Greece, Morocco, and Spain
Wildfires: Increased levels of heat and dryness are projected to cause larger areas—up to double the current areas on the Iberian Peninsula—to burn from wildfires.
Disease: High summer temperatures have also been linked with the increasing incidence of West Nile fever in Europe.
The summer of 2019 saw the first reported case of West Nile virus infection as far north as Germany.
Researchers have already projected that the West Nile virus is likely to spread by 2025 and to spread further by 2050.
Indeed, as severe climate events become more common, even in a scenario where the world reaches 1.5°C of warming above preindustrial levels by 2050 rather than 2030, nearly one in four people could be exposed to a severe climate hazard that could affect their lives or livelihoods.
Climate hazards are unevenly distributed. On average, lower-income countries are more likely to be exposed to certain climate hazards compared with many upper-income countries, primarily due to their geographical location but also to the nature of their economies.
(That said, both warming scenarios outlined here are likely to expose a larger share of people in nearly all nations to one of the four modeled climate hazards compared with today.)
Those who fall within the most vulnerable categories are also more likely to be exposed to a physical climate hazard.
Under a scenario with 1.5°C of warming above preindustrial levels by 2030, almost half of the world’s population—
Approximately 5.0 billion people—could be exposed to a climate hazard related to heat stress, drought, flood, or water stress in the next decade, up from 43 percent (3.3 billion people) today.
In much of the discussion below, we focus on severe climate hazards to highlight the most significant effects from a changing climate.
We find that regardless of whether warming is limited to 1.5°C or reaches 2.0°C above preindustrial levels by 2050,
Severe hazard occurrence is likely to increase, and a much larger proportion of the global population could be exposed compared with today
One of the key tools to tackle climate change is the carbon markets, through which organizations can trade emissions allowances to achieve reduction targets.
The vast majority of funding provided by carbon markets is allocated to so-called nature-based solutions (NBS). These are focused on the protection, restoration, and management of natural and modified ecosystems.
On land, the most recognizable NBS is planting of trees to restore forests. In this report, we analyze the potential of so-called blue carbon NBS, which are designed to protect or enhance ecosystems on coasts and in the oceans.
We consider three categories of blue carbon solutions, which we rank according to their scientific and economic maturity:
Established solutions: We consider blue carbon NBS to be “established” when they meet minimum standards of scientific understanding and implementation potential.
These relatively mature solutions are focused on the protection and restoration of mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows.
They are more widely understood than many less mature blue carbon solutions, offer scientifically verifiable levels of carbon abatement, and are amenable to funding through the carbon markets.
Emerging solutions:
Emerging solutions are those for which there is an existing body of peer-reviewed research to quantify CO2 abatement potential, but for which further research is required to align with funding frameworks such as the Core Carbon Principles, published by the Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets.
The emerging category includes the protection and restoration of seaweed forests, extension of seaweed forests, and strategies to reduce bottom trawling.
Nascent solutions: The nascent and potentially largest blue carbon NBS category focuses on the protection or restoration of marine fauna populations.
This category is the most challenging in terms of understanding impacts, establishing permanence (preventing leakage), and proving the vital concept of additionality—meaning the benefit would not have accrued anyway, for example, for economic or legal reasons.
Fish themselves are not considered a form of carbon sequestration, but they contribute to the effectiveness of the biological carbon pump and therefore to exportation of carbon into the deep sea. Also in the nascent category are reef-based solutions.
Healthy reefs may contribute to carbon sequestration through their support for a range of organisms and shell fish.
G.I.T.C
